Repairing an Electric Water Heater

Most repairs to an electric water heater involve the two elements and their thermostats. If water leaks onto the floor, the tank is rusted through, and the unit must be replaced.

-- If water is not hot enough, try turning up the thermostat settings for both elements.
-- If the unit suddenly stops heating water, press the reset button, usually on the high-limit cutoff. If you hear a click, the unit is reset and the problem may be solved. Also check that power is reaching the unit; call in an electrician if you are not sure.
-- If water gets warm but not hot, replace the upper element and/or thermostat.
-- If the hot water runs out quickly, replace the lower element and/or thermostat.
-- If the unit is noisy, drain the tank and refill it. If that does not solve the problem, remove and clean the elements.
-- If water is too hot even with the thermostats turned down, replace either the thermostat or the high-limit cutoff.

Checklist

Time
An hour or two for most repairs

Tools
Screwdriver, voltage tester, groove-joint pliers

Skills
Testing for electrical power, unscrewing and replacing devices

Prep
Prepare the household for doing without hot water for a few hours; arrange for a work light while the power is off.

Materials
New element, thermostat, or high-limit cutoff for your make and model of water heater